Profissionais do Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar: Aspectos ergonômicos e psicossociais

Abstract

Introduction: Prehospital care is a fundamental pillar of public health policies focused on urgency and emergency care in Brazil, represented especially by the SAMU and SIATE services. In this context, professionals working in this area are exposed to multiple occupational risks, particularly those of an ergonomic and psychosocial nature, which compromise physical and mental health and directly impact the quality of care. Objective: To analyze, through an integrative literature review, the ergonomic and psychosocial risks present in the work of prehospital care professionals, highlighting their effects on health and the implications for working conditions. Method: This dissertation is organized into two scientific articles, both based on integrative literature reviews. Widely recognized national and international databases were consulted, such as the Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The first article analyzed the impacts of ergonomic risks on the musculoskeletal system of these workers, while the second addressed the psychosocial risks associated with occupational stress, burnout syndrome, and other mental health problems. Results: The analyses revealed a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders related to patient transport, inadequate posture, and physical overload, with repercussions on quality of life and functional capacity. At the same time, significant vulnerability to psychosocial risks was identified, marked by exposure to traumatic situations, pressure for rapid responses, and increased work demands, resulting in high rates of stress, anxiety, and mental illness. It was also observed that these risks interact dynamically, potentiating each other. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the need for integrated prevention strategies that combine ergonomic interventions and psychosocial support to protect the physical and mental health of these workers. The study contributes to the field of Occupational Health by offering theoretical and practical support that can support public policies and institutional practices aimed at valuing and caring for professionals essential to the emergency and urgent care network.