Usina hidrelétrica de Estreito: Zona de autossalvamento e as narrativas de moradores frente à segurança da barragem e impactos ambientais

Abstract

This research focuses on the analysis of the implementation and operationalization of large-scale enterprises, perceived as catalysts for economic growth. Specifically, it examines the narratives associated with the relationship between the residents of the city of Estreito and the Estreito Hydroelectric Plant (UHE), located in the southern region of Maranhão state. Designed to become one of the largest hydroelectric facilities in the country, the UHE aims to meet the growing demand for electricity, strengthen the national energy matrix, and boost the economy. However, the plant's implementation and operation raise significant concerns and challenges, covering socio-environmental, economic, and political aspects, as well as exposing situations of fear and uncertainty regarding the potential risks posed by the enterprise since the city is entirely located in the Self-Rescue Zone. In this context, Geography plays a crucial role in understanding the territorial implications of these energy enterprises, considering disputes, strategies, and the role of the State in promoting and regulating the sector to ensure its full functioning. The research employs an integral approach, combining qualitative methods that include the analysis of governmental and entrepreneur reports, semi-structured interviews, and observations made on-site with the local community of Estreito (MA). Through this analysis, different impacts are observed, encompassing changes in the hydrological patterns of rivers, impacts on biodiversity, and social challenges for the affected communities. Thus, the need for policies and practices aimed at the safety of communities and areas influenced by the enterprise and at minimizing environmental risks emerges.