Filosofia e Estado: Hegel, Maquiavel e Kant

Abstract

At least since Classical Antiquity, Philosophy and State have been imbricated in each other. It is no wonder that Freedom, the plane on which all philosophies were and are realized, has always been realized in the State and in Philosophy, and that, for example, Plato and St. Thomas Aquinas composed, at one and the same time, an arsenal that was both political and more theoretical. It happens, however, that the relationship between Philosophy and State was never so clear, especially when Modernity distanced Philosophy from State Power - armchair philosophy - and the State distanced itself from Philosophy - negotium, praxis, pure technique -. It is in Contemporary times that we find ourselves once again facing a new reconciliation between both, enhanced by a self-aware Philosophy as History, which, in dialectical mediation with the State, also makes it the realization of History. The Thesis, therefore, proposes to present this relation between Philosophy and State, on the one hand, (α) unveiling, a History of Philosophy with Machiavelli and Kant - the effective conflict of the dialectics of Modernity - towards the self-conscious Philosophy of being History of Philosophy in Hegel - the arrival at Contemporary (or speculative Metaphysics) -; on the other hand (β) concluding the relation of this Contemporary Philosophy to the determination of the post-Revolutionary State or State of Law and, to the wakes of the conscious-of-itself Philosophy, its successors, dialectically speaking, in the international sphere, such as the European Union and the States of the La Plata Basin.