Ler a cidade pelo espaço público: dinâmicas de produção e reprodução dos espaços de sociabilidade

Abstract

Public spaces allow an interesting look at the contemporary city, even considering the different scales of urban space. From this perspective, public spaces manifest, above all, the problem of the city as a central place of social reproduction, highlighting the moment of crisis in political, economic and social relations in the context of everyday life. In this way, apprehending public spaces in their relationship with the city and everyday life constitutes an important means of understanding the dynamics contained in the production of urban space. We adopted this approach on the subject, aiming to analyze the dynamics of (re)production of public spaces, taking the urban space of Ituiutaba as a particular object (urban framework). In order to reach the objective proposed by us, we use as a theoretical core that guides the look on the object, the use of the dimensions of the production of (urban) space indicated by Lefebvre, being they the dimensions of the perceived space-representation of the space, of the lived space -spaces of representation and perceived space-(socio)spatial practices. The methodology and instruments were centered on documentary research, based on official municipal documents and bibliographical research on the subject; exploratory and intensive field activities; and carrying out information collection through forms applied to the population of Ituiutaba. From the research results, we evidenced the identification of thought, as well as the respective forms of public spaces in Brazilian cities, demonstrating the plurality of forms and contents, significantly contributing to give context to the conceptual of public spaces; we understand the urbanization of Ituiutaba in the constitution of the material substrate that influences the production of public spaces in Ituiutaba; the consequent manifestation of public spaces in Ituiutaba, manifested by the diversity of categories of sociability spaces; the connections between the conceptual production of urban space from a Lefebvrian basis and the common elements to be apprehended in the production of public spaces; the identification of institutional conditions that the municipal government imposes on the formal creation of public spaces in Ituiutaba; the apprehension of the dynamics of appropriation of public spaces available to the population, meeting programmed and non-programmed uses, also manifesting perspectives of living that directly impact public spaces; finally, based on the interaction between the private and public spheres of everyday life, we found elements that allowed us to characterize the use of spaces and times and the relationship with public and private spaces. In the end, it was possible to consider, from the results obtained, that public spaces, even immersed in political, economic and social transformations of the city and society, strengthen the relationship between the inhabitant and the act of inhabiting, in view of the possibility of be appropriate, presenting themselves as indispensable for sociability and for the realization of citizenship.