Conflitos socioambientais na unidade de conservação Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais

Abstract

The region of Serra do Cipó presents peculiar characteristics that attract from the visitation to real estate speculation. Known worldwide for its natural richness, imposing scenic beauty and its endemic diversity as its location in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, being approximately 100 km from the capital Belo Horizonte, located in the southern portion of the Serra do Espinhaço, it becomes one of the richest areas in biodiversity on the planet. Due to these peculiarities, an area of natural preservation - the National Park of Serra do Cipó - was implanted in this region, strongly supported by the preservationist chain that nature to be preserved needs to be dissociated from human beings. Parks with preservation characteristics cause "cornering", does not consider the existence and way of life of human populations that are unaware of the implementation of such environmental policy, many are expelled from their traditional lands, are restricted to the use and access of goods causing environmental conflict. These conflicts emerge, on the one hand, by traditional communities in the search for their ethnic rights to remain in their territories and continuity of specific activities and land management. On the other hand, preservationists who defend the idea of an unspoiled nature. These imbricated relations also consecrated, in a symbolic violence, a bourdieunian concept that describes the situation of power in the field, in which the economically dominant class inflicts its culture on the dominated. The understanding of this dichotomy - man vs. nature - is present in this research, because the central objective of this dissertation is to study the territorial dynamics in the process of implementation of the the National Park of Serra do Cipó, and the socio-environmental conflict established amid different interests, disputes and perceptions about UC. In order to reach this objective, besides the theoretical contribution, the investigation of socioeconomic data, field work and semi-structured interviews. Therefore, this dissertation presents the scenario of the (re) configuration of the Serra do Cipó region, resulting from the mutual action of several social groups that are territorialized from different interests. It can be affirmed that there is a set of elements that cooperate to occur a domination of the territories, with this and a force holding of power, a series of conflicts is unleashed. The reports of the subjects interviewed also lead us to understand that the symbolic violence suffered by the latter is intertwined with the process of creation of the National Park, characterized by the expropriation process of the families residing in the area now delimited by the park. Moreover, the narratives reveal how serious was the expropriation process in the region in the period of implementation of the PARNA Serra do Cipó, the reality experienced by these social subjects is far from the promises made by environmental agencies. As a result, it was perceived a peculiarity of the social subjects of the place - the persistence, because they fight in the middle of the adversities, mainly in relation to the problems imposed by the expropriation. Despite the difficulties, the discontent and the longing, the subjects affirm that they are happy, that they look for a reconstruction of their relations with the molded, modified and transformed space.