O município e o planejamento para além do perímetro urbano: o rural e os distritos rurais do Sul Goiano

Abstract

The greater political and administrative autonomy acquired by the municipality after the Federal Constitution of 1988, elevated it to the autonomous federative entity and author of its own policies of development and management, being the Municipal Master Plan its basic instrument of policy of development and urban expansion. This only urban vision began to change after the enactment of the City Statute in 2001 (Law 10.257/2001) and, thus, the Municipal Master plans would cover all the territory of the municipality. Thus, this thesis aimed to understand how rural areas, especially the rural districts of the South Goiano Mesoregion, are addressed in the Municipal Director Plans after the City Statute, as well as show the importance of the municipality in the planning of rural areas, in order to contribute to the expansion of debates on rural territorial planning. In order to respond to these objectives, it was analyzed theories that approach the thematic, decrees, laws such as those of the Municipal Governing Plans of Southern Goiás, as well as field research and subsequent F.O.F.A analysis in nine (9) districts of 5 (five) municipalities of the South Goiano mesoregion. Through these readings and analyzes it was concluded that, even with new directions for areas that are beyond the urban perimeter, the scope of these spaces in the municipal planning is still very incipient and, in some cases, nonexistent. The inexperience and difficulty of the municipality and its planners in recognizing what is beyond its urban perimeter; the prejudice and the vision of the rural as backward; the political bias contained in the decisions and in the elaboration of the Municipal Master Plans, are generally at the heart of these issues. Moreover, the analyzes carried out in the PDMs of the municipalities under study showed that the insertion of spaces that are outside the urban limits/cities happens superficially or when it represents political and/or economic interest. This superficiality is manifested from the definition of rural and urban and its physical and social limits, which consider rural as everything that is beyond the urban perimeter, passing through the guidelines and instruments that are configured in an economic bias and when they are not, they are exempt from local specificities. In this context, rural districts are understood as an extension of the urban, without considering all the complexity of existing relationships in these localities, their needs and the entire local context that causes this population to need public policies and specific actions. These conditions could be verified during the field research, which verified the abandonment of the municipal governments with respect to the rural districts, mainly with respect to the basic necessities. In addition, it was also understood that a good part of the actions and benefits can and should come from the municipalities and be contemplated in the Municipal Master Plans, mainly because there are already actions being carried out in other districts in Brazil. There is still a long way to go with respect to municipality planning in an integral way, mainly because the possibilities and opportunities must be the same for all the population, whether urban or rural, but we are already on the way.