Desenvolvimento de uma bancada didática para estudo de vibrações de sistemas mecânicos

Abstract

This work presents the development of a modular educational test bench designed for the study of vibrations in mechanical systems with up to four degrees of freedom.The project involved theoretical modeling using the Lagrange method, the physical construction of the structure, and the execution of experimental tests using modal analysis based on Frequency Response Functions (FRFs). From the experimental data, the system's natural frequencies and their respective mode shapes were identified. Subsequently, an analytical model calibrated by numerical optimization techniques was developed, allowing for the acquisition of parameters consistent with the observed physical behavior. Furthermore, a numerical simulation was performed via the finite element method in ANSYS; the resulting natural frequencies presented higher values, as expected due to computational model idealizations, yet the vibration modes coincided with the other methods. Finally, the comparison between experimental, analytical, and numerical results demonstrated strong agreement in identifying natural frequencies and, most notably, in the representation of mode shapes, evidencing physical coherence among the methods. The observed discrepancies remained within acceptable limits, validating the reliability of the adopted models. Thus, it is concluded that the developed test rig proves to be an effective tool for teaching and analyzing mechanical vibrations, enabling the integration of theory, simulation, and experimental practice.