Soberania digital nos estados membros do MERCOSUL: uma abordagem regulatória e regional

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes digital sovereignty within the MERCOSUR context, focusing on the trajectories, policies, and challenges faced by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela (the latter currently under suspension). The study employs a conception of digital sovereignty as the set of capabilities enabling a State to exert control over its infrastructures and data in the cyber environment, thus reducing external dependencies and strengthening security and technological autonomy. It also explores how this form of control relates to traditional sovereignty, historically tied to territory, population, and resources. An inductive reasoning method and a qualitative approach were adopted, comparing legislation, public policies, and initiatives in each country. The research relied on bibliographic and documentary sources to provide a consistent overview of both the progress made and the gaps that remain. Although some member states have enacted significant measures, such as establishing cybersecurity bodies, implementing data protection policies, and investing in local digital infrastructure, the bloc as a whole still lacks a coordinated regional strategy to foster collective action, encourage integration, and optimize domestic capacities. The findings suggest that digital sovereignty has become an essential factor for reinforcing cybersecurity, driving economic development, and protecting fundamental rights within MERCOSUR. Nevertheless, the absence of broader coordination and the persisting technological dependence on foreign platforms highlight the need for integrated policies and deeper alignment among the member states, a prerequisite for achieving a sovereign and inclusive digital environment throughout the region.