Condições de saúde, segurança do trabalho e o risco de adoecimento entre trabalhadores terceirizados da manutenção predial da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Abstract

The central research question focuses on investigating the health and safety conditions, occupational safety, and factors contributing to the risk of illness among outsourced building maintenance workers at the Federal University of Uberlândia, based on their own perceptions. Objective: To identify the occupational health and safety structure and the perception of the risks of physical illness resulting from work among outsourced building maintenance workers. Method: A descriptive, correlational, and quantitative study was conducted in September and October 2024 with 60 workers from an outsourced company who consented to participate in the study. Two questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic and occupational risk data, using the Work and Illness Risk Inventory (ITRA). Results: The mean age of participants was 43.5 years, with a predominance of men (98.3%) and married individuals or individuals in a stable union (61.7%). Regarding education, 43.3% had incomplete elementary education, 15.0% had completed elementary education or incomplete high school, and 41.7% had completed high school or higher education. The median time of work was 20.3 months and the median income was R$ 1,947.90. The means of the ITRA factors were: Work Organization (OT) 2.86 (critical), Working Conditions (CT) 2.52 (critical), Physical Cost (FC) 3.72 (severe), and Physical Damage (DF) 1.54 (satisfactory). There was a positive and significant correlation between OT and CT, OT and CF, OT and DF, CT and FC, and CF and DF, indicating that worse organizational conditions are associated with higher physical cost and damage. Bivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between length of service and WL and negative correlations between DF and age and DF and income. In multiple regression, length of service was positively associated with working conditions, suggesting that longer employment is related to worse conditions. For DF, electrical professionals had lower scores compared to construction workers. No variables were associated with OT or CF. The models met the statistical assumptions. Conclusion: Workers perceive risk factors realistically, recognizing critical conditions and high physical costs. Despite physical damage classified as satisfactory, the findings highlight relevant occupational risks and reinforce the importance of prevention strategies and improvements in working conditions to reduce illness and accidents.

Keywords: worker health; working conditions; outsourced services; occupational risks.