Segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil: análise dos grupos familiares com ênfase na agricultura familiar na região Sul comparada ao Brasil e Centro-Oeste (2004-2013)

Abstract

The debate on hunger in Brazil is not something recent; it has existed at least since the 1960s, starting with the works of Josué de Castro. However, even after decades of study and discussions on the subject, the country still faces obstacles to ensuring the food security of the population, with a deterioration of this indicator in the post-2013 period, due to the dismantling of policies to combat hunger and poverty established in the 2000s. Thus, the present study investigates the behavior of the dietary pattern from 2004 to 2013 in the Southern region, using the microdata from the PNADs of 2004, 2009, and 2013, and classifying by type of families, which may be employers, self-employed, employees, and the unemployed. In addition, the study also focuses on family farmers, discussing their development process in the region and highlighting how they differ from their peers in other parts of the country. As an initial hypothesis, it is believed that the behavior of food security shows a distinct evolution among the four categories as a result of the influence of elements such as per capita income and type of activity on the incidence of food insecurity. Based on the results, what is observed is a confirmation of this hypothesis, with the predominance of employer families when compared to the other families, presenting about 10 p.p. more food security than the average of the self-employed, employees, and unemployed.