Tem casa para morar? Uma análise da situação habitacional do Brasil com ênfase nos resultados e contradições do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (2008-2020)

Abstract

Housing is a fundamental right, yet in Brazil, access depends on purchasing power, leaving 6.2 million families excluded due to low income. This research evaluated the Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) Program (2008–2020) and its impact on Brazil’s housing deficit, examining resource allocation across states. Specific objectives included: (a) understanding historical barriers to housing access for low-income workers; (b) assessing the State’s role in housing policies during PMCMV’s implementation; and (c) analyzing the program’s effectiveness in addressing the housing deficit. The methodology combined a literature review on private property and Brazilian housing policies with innovative data analysis of PMCMV records (23 variables and 166,754 observations), processed using R software. Key factors analyzed included: states, municipalities, financial resources, participating companies, financial agents, and income brackets. Findings revealed that despite PMCMV, the housing deficit persisted, disproportionately affecting Black and mixed-race women in vulnerable situations (per PNAD Contínua/IBGE and Fundação João Pinheiro data, 2022). The study highlights how housing commodification under capitalism perpetuated exclusion, even with public investments. As a solution, it proposes aligning housing policies with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing the need for intersectional approaches that address structural inequalities. The research underscores the urgency of models that decouple housing rights from market logic to ensure universal access.