Geotecnologias para a compreensão de alterações no uso do solo: estudo de caso - RESEX Rio Xingu

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the use of geotechnologies in understanding landscape transformations, focusing on the Extractive Reserve of the Rio Xingu. To achieve this, a temporal analysis of land use and occupation in the region is conducted, seeking to identify the factors that have driven deforestation, such as the expansion of the agricultural frontier into the northern and northwestern regions of Brazil, promoted by tax incentive policies aimed at activities like cattle ranching, logging, and mining. The research also examines how the intensification of this environmental degradation has been linked to the political and economic decisions of governments over time, highlighting the tax incentives from the 1960s to the 1980s, the legalization of land grabbing in the 1970s, and land speculation in the late 1980s. Additionally, it investigates the decline in deforestation rates in the 1990s, attributed to the reduction of incentives and the absence of major projects in the region, as well as the establishment of Conservation Units in the first decade of the 21st century, among other factors. Finally, the analysis of the Extractive Reserve of the Rio Xingu (Resex Rio Xingu) will serve as a basis for understanding the land use pattern in this area, enabling an analysis of the implications of public policies and their impacts on environmental conservation and degradation, as well as on the local way of life.