Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da sinvastatina e rosuvastatina em lesões ósseas por escareação induzidas experimentalmente na tíbia de ratos Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus)

Abstract

Fractures are frequent in veterinary clinics and hospitals, having great relevance small animal surgery. However, repair process oh the boné is complex and subject to several complications, which can lead to cases of delayed union or non-union. Due to these possible failures, there are many studies on the treatment of these pathologies, including the use of statins as inducers of bone growth. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of simvastatin and rosuvastatin via gavage on bone regeneration after scareae lesions experimentally created in tibiae of Wistars rats. A total of 45 male rats were used divided equally into three groups: control (CS); rosuvastatin (RS) and simvastatin (SS). All animals were treated daily via gavage from the day of surgery until the day before euthanasia, which occurred at 3, 7 and 14 postoperative days. Descriptive and histomorphometric histological analyzes were used to evaluate periosteal and endosteal proliferation, bone neoformation in the wound and medullary canal, and osteoblastic and osteoclast activities, and biomechanical testing to obtain the maximum strength, energy and rigidity of the samples. Statin-treated groups achieved better results at 7 and 14 days in bone regeneration and in biomechanical assays, however, the use of simvastatin was superior to rosuvastatin, probably by her greater ease in crossing the cell membrane and by rosuvastatin being hepato-specific, with less bioavailability in other tissues, such as bone. However, new studies with a larger sample size are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of action of statins in fracture repair.