Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no resguardo dos direitos políticos na América Latina: um estudo de caso do impeachment de Dilma Vana Rousseff no Brasil.

Abstract

The work aims to discuss the effectiveness of the mechanisms for protecting political rights exercised by the bodies of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) in Latin America, with a particular focus on Brazil, based on the actions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) regarding the impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff in 2016. The research is exploratory in nature, using secondary reference sources to analyze the political context of Dilma Rousseff's impeachment. Ultimately, the IACHR's decision on the request for an advisory opinion regarding the impeachment process of the former president is examined. The results are addressed qualitatively, applying the established theoretical concepts to the study of the democratic context and the protection of political rights in Latin America. The main theoretical framework used is Habermas' theory of communicative reason, grounded in the concept of the colonization of the lifeworld, along with his concepts of democracy and law. These concepts are crucial for understanding the political rights landscape on the continent and for assessing how impeachment processes and the application of international standards may reflect an environment of democratic institutional crisis. As a result, the study reveals that the impeachment occurred through a constitutional violation and represented an attack on the democratic order in the country. Furthermore, it highlights the fragility of the IAHRS bodies in protecting political rights in the region, demonstrating the need for an inclusive approach that addresses the pathological effects of a democracy co-opted by economic power systems