Estudo preliminar sobre a gaseificação de resíduos sólidos urbanos em escala laboratorial

Abstract

An issue that has been increasingly raised in different parts of the world is the generation of clean energy. This is because the source of most of the fuels used continues to be fossil fuels. This brings a greater degradation of the environment when compared to the use of other energy sources. In addition, another subject that has gained a lot of attention is the challenge of waste management. The world as a whole generates a lot of waste and most of it does not receive any type of treatment, which, again, results in damage to the environment. An interesting alternative is the use of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) for energy generation since it also impacts the management of waste generated. Some processes can be used to generate energy from MSW, such as incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. This work aims to deal with gasification, which can be understood as an intermediate process between the other two. As a result of gasification, ashes, and synthesis gas are obtained, a fuel that can be used in various types of engine cycles. In this work, different types of MSW were analyzed on a laboratory scale, and synthesis gas was produced. Through thermogravimetric and calorimetric analysis, the properties of the biomasses were determined, while the synthesis gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results prove that the synthesis gas produced has a heating value for application in engine cycles, proving that the MSW gasification process is worth implementing and exploring.