Entre o cuidar e o adoecer: um olhar para a saúde dos preceptores da residência multiprofissional

Abstract

Work is paradoxical, contradictory and absurdly essential for health, but depending on how it is organized, involving ways of working and relating, it can be harmful to health. Work organization comprises the division of tasks, which refers to their content, to what is prescribed by the work organizer, and the division of men, which are human relations, hierarchy and control. The main function of the preceptor in the field of health is teaching-learning in service, through real situations constant in the scenario of practices, favoring the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes and, consequently, the development of competences for health professionals called residents. It contributes to the formation of the professionals to work in the Unified Health System (SUS) and other health areas. The study aimed to know the perception of preceptors in a Multiprofessional Residency Program in Health, about how they relate the organization of their work with their health issues and to identify if there is illness among them, which is related to work. This is a study with a qualitative approach, developed through the Focus Group technique, for the construction of self-reported elements by its participants. The intentional sample was used. The study scenario refers to the Multiprofessional Health Residency Program of a Federal Public Teaching Hospital, both linked to a Federal Institution of Higher Education. This hospital is considered large, accredited by the SUS, to meet the population's health care demands, with a predominance of medium and high complexity spheres. The study participants were six preceptors who are part of the mentioned Multidisciplinary Residency Program. The theoretical-analytical reference was the Psychodynamics of Work. The data analysis was guided by the thematic content analysis. Three thematic categories were constructed in the analysis and discussion of the results: preceptorship work; work organization and the preceptor's health. The study demonstrated critical, complex and challenging paradoxes and antagonisms when investigating the health-disease of the preceptor. The organization of work, the overload, the relationship and planning of work with the managers, the absence / insufficiency of permanent education for the performance of this function, as well as the lack of a structure that takes care of the problems of the worker's health, constitute causes of suffering of their health. The set of work including health care, plus preceptorship activities and other institutional functions assumed, as well as responsibilities outside work, were considered to enhance the possibilities of illness. Allied to this, the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic and the transition between hospital management companies, in the temporal interstice of this study, from March 2020 to the present moment, were additional elements reported by the participants, as responsible for the suffering and their illness. The study highlights the suffering and illness of preceptors and the importance of offering a look at the organization of work and the health of these workers, reaching the care and health care of those who care and teach at the same time.