Religião, democracia e modernidade em Charles Taylor: reflexões sobre o lugar do discurso religioso na esfera pública

Abstract

The aim of the current research is to analyse the context of speaches's dispute within the public space, given the differences between the many forms in which it is possible to analyse reality. The subject's importance is justified considering the legal framework, specially the constitucional one, given that the Brazilian society is based on the pluralism of ideas, being the religious pluralism one of its facets. Furthermore, it should be noted that this dispute is what allows the support of thesis as the impossibility of religious speaches's use in public spaces, due to the State's secularism, in which this kind of speech would be set aside. Moreover, this research glimpses the thesis that religious speech would be specific to a group of people, that is to say, not shared by all citizens, which would make it impossible to be used as an argument in public speeches. It is also important to emphasise that this research aims to analyse how modernization and secularism's process affected the presence of religion in public space as well as how social modifications ended up promoting the rise of pluralism. For this purpose, readings of sociologists and philosophers that contributed to the theme in their respectives subjects, that are related to the legal science, were made. In the end, it was possible to reach a conclusion regarding the research's theme, based on the contact with the bibliography used, remarking that, from the legal and constitutional framework and also from the perspective of the relation between religion and State in Brazil, as well as considering the absence of an expertise related to religion as a form of speech in comparison with other methods, religious speech can be used as basis for public communication.