Mulher e trabalho no Brasil: efeitos da creche na jornada de trabalho e na renda laboral

Abstract

Discrimination is related to the process of social exclusion that originates and reproduces poverty. Women are the majority of the Brazilian population and yet they are considered vulnerable, they suffer from various barriers that prevent them from having equal opportunities. The present paper studies the discrimination of women in the labor market and evaluates the working hours and income of women and men using data from the 2015 da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) considering how individual characteristics influence such variables, especially the effect of daycare. The methods used were: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), Logit and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). As main results, it was concluded that if there is a child in the home who goes to daycare, increases the working hours of women, as well as income, glimpsed by the three methods presented. For men, if the child goes to day care, the effect is negative for the workday and positive for income.