Uma análise sobre o emprego formal no município de Uberlândia

Abstract

In recent years, the Brazilian labor market has been profoundly deteriorating in terms of the generation and quality of formal employment, that is, that employment regulated by law, with a signed work card, inserted in typically capitalist sectors. On the other hand, the unprecedented proliferation of precarious employment, without a signed work card and of an unstable nature, is a situation that began to become more evident in the 1980s, when the social and economic crisis that marked this period, opened the door to a crisis in the labor market. In the meantime, there was a fall in productive investments, as well as a fall in production and demand retraction, resulting from an adjustment policy aimed at circumventing the present crisis. There was also, during this period, a loss of participation in formal employment, especially in the manufacturing and construction industry, secondary sectors, which played an important role in job creation in previous decades. This is because most people, especially those with little experience, often coming from the rural exodus, were more easily inserted into these sectors. In this sense, it can be said that, in the 1980s, there has already been a decline in the share of employment in the secondary sector (a sector considered as traditionally capitalist) and an increase in participation in the tertiary sector, represented mostly by atypical forms. of production. Consequently, there is not only a sectoral change in formal employment, but also in the profile of the worker inserted in this market. From the 1990s onwards, this situation was further aggravated mainly by the policy of trade liberalization, which required more competitive markets to cope with intercapitalist competition, leading to substantial downsizing of formal employment. Regulated employment, with time and benefits, began to lose importance, thus giving way to the proliferation of precarious occupations. Given this, we aim to show and characterize the sectoral participation of formal employment in the city of Uberlândia in 1986 and 1998, analyzing the Manufacturing Industry, Commerce, Services and Public Administration.