Análise ambiental de sistemas de tratamento de dejetos da suinocultura no município de Patrocínio–MG

Abstract

Pig farming presents effective advantages in the economic and social dimensions throughout its productive chain. In the environmental dimension there is a concern about its potential pollutant of water, air and soil, due to the produced wastes have high concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, pathogens and also to provide the proliferation of volatile gases, odors and insects. Therefore, in order to avoid risks to human health, the environment and comply with legal environmental requirements, waste must be submitted to treatment before final disposal or reuse in the environment. In Brazil, the technologies most used for the biological treatment of swine manure are: stabilization ponds, canadensebiodigesters and automated composting. However, only the implementation of the technology is not enough, it is necessary to question the dimensioning, the efficiency and the monitoring of the parameters that involve these treatment processes. Thus, this work had the objective of analyzing three pig farms (A, B and C) and their waste treatment systems, implemented in the municipalities of Patrocínio in Minas Gerais. The analysis was organized in documentary and exploratory research, aiming the characterization of the configuration, operation, documents and environmental licensing of the case studies. Property A has an average production of 3600 pigs, 60 m3.day-1wastes and has as a form of treatment, mechanized composting followed by stabilization pond. Property B has an average production of 2500 pigs, 30 m3.dia-1manure and the treatment system composed of stabilization ponds in series. Property C has an average production of 33000pigs, 176 m3.dia-1wastes and the treatment system consist of separating units of coarse solids, decanters, canadensebiodigesters and stabilization ponds. All the studied properties realize the reutilization of the byproducts (organic compound and biofertilizer) in the fertilization and fertirrigation of the soil. None of them perform the precise quantification of the water consumption and volume of waste produced. Also, in all the documents studied, the information described regarding the treatment systems are theoretical and poor in detail. It was not possible to find the sizing of the treatment units and the technical reports of analysis of the raw and reused waste.In this sense, this study recommends that the documents for the environmental licensing process, contemplate the design of the treatment system including low plateau, structural part and efficiency for better environmental management of swine manure waste.