Urbanização contemporânea em Moçambique: papel dos instrumentos de planejamento urbano na ocupação do espaço

Abstract

The doctoral thesis deals with contemporary urbanization in Mozambique, whose focus is the question of the instruments of urban planning in the disorderly occupations and their contributions to understanding the urban transformations that occurred in the city of Nampula. The paper describes the process of urbanization, presenting the genesis of the main cities and their development that make up the urban network of Mozambique. In the approaches, it is proposed the reflection on the weaknesses and efficacies of the urban policies in the construction of the instruments of urban planning. Taking as reference the area of study the urban space of the city of Nampula, an analysis is made of the expansion of the areas of disordered occupation occurred in the last two decades and the influence of the main actions of planning and urban management proposed for this city. Methodological and operational procedures were used both quantitatively and qualitatively, as well as bibliographical research if referring to books, articles, theses and dissertations that deal with this subject. Documentary research was used, mainly referring to the urban planning legislation of Mozambique and plans of the city of Nampula. Still as procedures, we used the analysis of Urban Historical Geography, as it analyzed the historical process, seeking to unveil the pillars of the organization and spatial transformation that takes place in Mozambique in general and in the city of Nampula, without forgetting the fieldwork that guaranteed the data collection through the technique of interviews to residents in 10 neighborhoods, the use of observation, with the help of a camera. The analysis of the results obtained was based on the use of the Strategic Planning Method, through the use of the FOFA matrix. And as a result, the city of Nampula has one of the highest rates of disorderly urban growth, with part of the population occupying unhealthy, environmentally fragile areas in completely unstructured areas. It is concluded that cluttered occupations are a result of the incapacity in urban management due to the lack of implementation of concrete actions outlined in the plans and projects existing over the years. There is neglect of urbanistic rules by the various segments of society. The urban policies facilitate and ensure the implementation of new areas of disorderly occupation, since the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique provides for the granting of automatic land user rights for "good faith" occupation, even with the absence of the right to use the land. Earth. This mother law guarantees the use of urban land, even if it is in an unplanned area, so it is considered that the law presents a void, because it makes possible the irregular occupation of urban space, exacerbating the issue of disordered occupations. As a suggestion one of the main suggestions would be to work on aspects of urban legislation, implementation of plans from the creation of a national urban development plan for all cities that does not depend on agendas of elected political groups from time to time, as they often create barriers to feasible urban projects.