Nos rastros do sujeito: espacialidades, subjetivação e dessubjetivação em Memórias do cárcere

Abstract

This study examines how the narrator, which is also protagonist, understands the prision spaces as topophobic and how this spaces influence his subjectivity in the Graciliano Ramos' book Memórias do Cárcere. We go through the same prision trajectory of the protagonist in the narrative that includes four prision spaces: porão do navio Manaus, Pavilhão dos Primários, Colônia Correcional de Dois Rios and Sala da Capela. The four spaces contribute to realize how the relation between them and the protagonist/narrator generates dysphoric feelings, besides, they promotes his processes of (un)subjectivation and animalization. We understand that how the protagonist/narrator experiences prison space is distinct from the other characters; therefore, his emotions are also different, and this produces narrative effects. We based the analysis of spaces and their relations with topophobia on the studies of Gaston Bachelard, Yi-Fu Tuan, Michel Foucault, Ozíris Borges Filho and Gama-Khalil. The studies of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben and Nilton Milanez base the theoretical anchorage about the processes of subjectivation and (un)subjectivation. This work, also, analyzes the sujectivation and (un)subjectivation processes simultaneously, since the deflagration of one of them results on the deflagration of the other; and the theories of Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Jeanne Marie Gagnebin and Gama-Khalil base the analysis of author's figure (Graciliano Ramos) projection through the subject positions that the protagonist/narrator has in the narrative.