Bacias hidrográficas e unidades de conservação no Brasil: um estudo sobre as dificuldades e perspectivas para uma gestão integrada

Abstract

Given the current global environmental issues, through which it is important to think about politics, programs, projects and actions that can protect the biotic and abiotic elements for the maintenance of life and human economic activities, this work deals with two important territorial clippings present in the brazilian environmental legislation: the river basin (RB's) and the conservation units (CU’s). The main objective is based mainly on the National Water Resources Policy and the National Units Conservation System, analyze data and present information showing problems and prospects so that there is an integrated management involving RB’s and CU’s in Brazil. Therefore, there has been emphasis on institutional actions of the National Water Agency and the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, responsible, respectively, for the management of water resources and the management of protected areas in the brazilian federal level. As methodological spatial area, we chose the brazilian semi-arid northeast region of the country with a small number of federal conservation units, a very critical water table, in addition to the environmental fragility of its biome: the caatinga. Thus, it was possible to identify various existing actions that reinforce the convergence between watershed and protected area. However, there is still a wide gap to be filled through institutional partnerships, which can be seen as beneficial real possibility, given the great Brazilian institutional framework anchored in its legal and legal system. Thus, the main objective of integrated management proposed here is the guarantee of social, ecological and economic conditions in the context of watersheds and protected areas.