Avaliação comparativa de sistemas construtivos modulares nos vieses econômico, temporal e de sustentabilidade, para habitações de interesse social, apoiada na metodologia BIM

Abstract

The persistent housing deficit crisis imposes on the construction industry the urgent need to transition from conventional processes to modular and industrialized methods, capable of accelerating the delivery of affordable housing with quality and waste control. In this scenario, the integration of BIM (Building Information Modeling) is consolidated as an indispensable methodology, as it allows for the digital simulation, budgeting, and planning of different construction systems, guaranteeing the technical and economic predictability necessary for project viability. This work investigated industrialization in the construction industry as an alternative to mitigate the housing deficit, integrating managerial efficiency and sustainability in Social Housing, through a comparative analysis in a case study in Araxá/MG, contrasting the conventional method with the Light Steel Frame (LSF), Precast Concrete Walls (PPMC), Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF), and Structural Masonry in Ceramic Blocks (AEBC) methods. For modeling, Revit and Eberick software were used, while Visus was applied for budgeting and time planning. In parallel, complementary environmental and pathological analyses were carried out, based on estimates and fundamentals from the scientific literature. The results revealed that the conventional method resulted in the longest execution time and most waste, while AEBC stood out as the most economical and competitive transition. The PPMC and ICF systems ensured high speed with waste reductions of up to 83%, and LSF consolidated itself as the shortest-term and most ecologically advanced method, reducing CO₂ emissions by up to 33%. From a pathological perspective, modular methods transferred the risks from the construction site to the rigor of the design phase. It is concluded that industrialized systems surpass the conventional model in cost, time, sustainability, and quality control, and that BIM technology can be considered an indispensable catalyst for the modernization of management in social housing.