A migração nos Estados Unidos desde uma perspectiva de gênero: uma análise do governo Biden (2021-2024)

Abstract

This study examines the impacts of migration policies adopted during the Joe Biden administration on the experiences of migrant women in the United States, with particular attention to executive actions that restrict access to asylum and reinforce expulsion mechanisms. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combining a literature review with documentary analysis, and is grounded in two main theoretical frameworks: migration and development studies, and intersectionality. Drawing on authors such as Pessar and Mahler, Donato et al., and Nichols and Tyyska, the study discusses how migration regimes shape women’s trajectories through legal dependency, socioeconomic insertion, and family reunification. In parallel, an intersectional perspective, informed by Crenshaw, Hillsburg, and Bastia, highlights how gender, race, ethnicity, language and migration status interact to produce specific forms of vulnerability. The case studies analyzed, based on reports from human rights organizations, reveal that migration policies justified by administrative efficiency and security concerns generate unequal effects, disproportionately exposing migrant women to violence, family separation, and rights deprivation. The findings suggest that despite a rhetorical shift from previous administrations, the Biden government’s continued reliance on restrictive measures reproduces structural patterns of exclusion that particularly affect women in intersectional marginalized positions.