Pesquisas de base populacional sobre wolbachia e doenças transmitidas por Aedes aegypti no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objectives: To synthesize evidence from population-based applied research in Brazil involving the introduction of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes carrying *Wolbachia* bacteria, evaluating their effectiveness in controlling arboviruses. Methods: The study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. From 2014 to 2023, the following databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, PAHO and WHOLIS (via BVS), Embase, and Google Scholar. The search was subsequently updated until December 2025. The search terms used were "Wolbachia," "Mosquito-borne diseases," and "Aedes." Results: 1,650 studies were selected. In the qualitative synthesis, only four studies were included: a quasi-experimental study in the municipality of Niterói/RJ with a reduction of 69.4%, 56.3%, and 37% in cases of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika, respectively; another quasi-experimental study in the municipality of Niterói/RJ with an 89% reduction in cases of Dengue; a spatio-temporal modeling study in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, with a reduction of 38% and 10% in cases of Dengue and Chikungunya, respectively; and an ecological study in Campo Grande, with a 63.2% reduction in cases of Dengue. Conclusions: The included studies demonstrated reductions in the incidence of the arboviruses analyzed. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the intervention is directly associated with the successful introgression of the Wolbachia bacteria and its stability in the local vector population. The consolidation of the Wolbachia method as a public policy may represent a significant advance in the fight against arboviruses in Brazil.