Cosméticos para esmaltação das unhas: uma revisão bibliográfica com ênfase em esmalte tradicional, acrílico e gel uv

Abstract

Cosmetic products used for nail coating present complex formulations, composed of different classes of raw materials, selected to provide aesthetics, durability, and performance during application. Among the main products marketed, traditional nail polishes, acrylic systems, and UV-curable gels stand out, each differing in chemical composition, curing mechanism, and potential health risks. Conventional nail polishes are based on nitrocellulose, organic solvents, plasticizers, and pigments, remaining predominant in the market. In contrast, acrylic systems and UV gels use chemically or photo-activated (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers, providing greater mechanical resistance to the coating. However, these formulations may trigger adverse effects, including allergic contact dermatitis, damage to the nail tissue, and photobiological risks associated with exposure to UV/LED lamps used for gel curing. Therefore, this literature review discusses chemical aspects, polymerization mechanisms, sanitary regulation, and potential toxicological implications, emphasizing the importance of safe application practices and professional qualification in handling these cosmetic products.