Biorremediação utilizando microrganismos, como alternativa para o tratamento de efluentes contaminados com corantes: uma revisão.

Abstract

The textile industry occupies a prominent position in the global economy. However, the fabric finishing process results in the generation of large volumes of effluents loaded with synthetic dyes, compromising the quality of water resources and aquatic life. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of bioremediation using microorganisms as a sustainable technological strategy for the degradation of these recalcitrant compounds. The methodology is based on an integrative literature review conducted in the Science Direct and Scielo databases, as well as in institutional repositories, prioritizing studies that address the application of microorganisms, focusing on fungi, and their enzymatic systems in wastewater. The results indicate that the use of bacteria and fungi, especially white-rot fungi, promotes the breakdown of the chemical structure of dyes through the action of oxidoreductase enzymes, such as laccases and peroxidases, among others, such as hydrolases, lipases, and proteases. It is identified that the stability of these biological agents is directly influenced by environmental and physicochemical variables. It is concluded that the decontamination of textile effluents containing synthetic dyes constitutes a huge challenge for the industry, especially the Textile Industry, with bioremediation promoted by microorganisms, particularly fungi that produce oxidoreductase enzymes, representing a viable alternative capable of ensuring greater sustainability throughout the production chain. The implementation of enzymatic immobilization techniques and the use of microbial consortia will additionally bring necessary advances to ensure operational robustness and enable the practical application of this system in environmental decontamination.