O uso de drones para análise do comportamento de usuários em rodovias

Abstract

This study conducts a systematic review of the literature on the application of drones in analyzing road user behavior, demonstrating the efficiency of these devices in various phases of incident response, including early detection, three-dimensional scene survey, support for emergency teams, and cooperation in clearance operations. Drones are identified as effective tools for accelerating operational procedures, enhancing forensic accuracy, and minimizing occupational risks for field teams, additionally contributing to reducing congestion severity. However, the large-scale implementation of drones for this purpose faces multifaceted challenges. Notable among these are operational limitations related to adverse weather conditions and airspace restrictions, alongside regulatory and ethical concerns pertaining to data protection and the need for standardization by competent bodies, such as the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) in Brazil. The dependence on complementary technologies— exemplified by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G connectivity—and the lack of empirical validation in real-world scenarios are also limiting factors. While developed nations already integrate drones into intelligent monitoring systems and predictive simulations, Brazil exhibits an incipient level of adoption, predominantly utilizing them for reactive enforcement with limited application in preventive strategies and prospective accident analysis. To maximize the potential of drones, investments in research and development (R&D) are indispensable, as is the consolidation of a clear regulatory framework, the technical training of operators, the integration with other technological platforms, and the establishment of objective performance metrics. It is concluded that drones represent an unavoidable vector of progress for road safety, but their strategic adoption requires overcoming technical and normative barriers, coupled with a holistic vision that prioritizes prevention, education, and intelligent infrastructural planning.