Aspectos epidemiológicos do câncer no município de Patrocínio - Minas Gerais

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil's epidemiological profile has highlighted Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) as the main causes of early deaths, that is, in individuals under 70 years of age. Among this group of chronic diseases, cancer stands out for its predominance. Therefore, cancer surveillance is a fundamental factor for planning, monitoring and evaluating disease control actions. Objectives: Understand the epidemiological aspects of cancer in the population of the municipality of Patrocínio and the State of Minas Gerais, in the period between 2011 and 2021; based on the identification of the main cancer diagnoses reported in the respective region, as well as by analyzing the socio-demographic profile of the population affected by the disease. Methodology: This is research with a quantitative approach, retrospective in terms of objectives, bibliographic and documentary in terms of procedures. Prepared from the analysis of cancer cases reported in the Oncology Panel - DATASUS, in the databases of the Patrocínio Doutor José Figueiredo Cancer Hospital and the Municipal Health Department of the city of Patrocínio - Minas Gerais. The variables collected for the development of the study were: period of notification of the disease, origin, age group, sex and anatomical location of the disease. All study data were organized in spreadsheets in the Microsoft Excel 2016 application. The variables were quantified through graphs and tables. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Uberlândia, opinion nº 5.544.519 and CAAE: 57524522.4.0000.5152. Results: With the development of the research, it became clear that in the State of Minas Gerais, 301,794 cases of cancer were registered during the study period, and 1,147 new cases in the municipality of Patrocínio. The predominant age group of patients who received a cancer diagnosis was between 60 and 69 years old, showing an increasing order of new cases up to 69 years old and decreasing after 70 years old. Among the 301,794 cases of cancer reported in Minas Gerais, the largest number refers to females, contradictorily, it is identified that in the municipality of Patrocínio, the largest number of cases corresponds to males. Prostate cancer and breast cancer are the most common in the sample evaluated, followed by non-melanoma skin cancer. In the State of Minas Gerais, breast cancer was responsible for 41,048 cases and prostate cancer for 35,861 cases. In the municipality of Patrocínio, the largest number of notifications refers to prostate cancer (180 cases), followed by breast cancer (121 cases). Malignant skin neoplasms are the third most reported type of cancer both in the municipality of Patrocínio (48 cases) and in Minas Gerais (20,315 cases). Conclusion: From this study it was possible to identify the epidemiological profile of cancer in the municipality of Patrocínio and in the State of Minas Gerais, a profile that is similar to the evidence presented in the literature in Brazil and around the world. The disease is more common in sixty-year-old male patients in the municipality of Patrocínio, and in women of the same age group in the State of Minas Gerais. Prostate cancer and breast cancer are the most common in the sample evaluated, followed by non-melanoma skin cancer. Therefore, the importance of adopting national and international breast cancer screening guidelines and protocols is highlighted. As for prostate and skin cancer, evidence indicates that screening may present misleading results or detect indolent tumors, which do not pose a threat to the lives of those with it. Therefore, it is recommended that early diagnosis in these cases should be carried out through the investigation of symptomatic patients.