A saúde ginecológica da mulher no cárcere: uma análise das políticas públicas sob a ótica da criminologia feminista e a experiência da Penitenciária Professor João Pimenta da Veiga em Uberlândia/MG

Abstract

In order to understand the substantial increase in the incarceration of women in recent decades, it is crucial to look at gender as a factor in penal selectivity, which reflects and perpetuates the intricate social dynamics that occur outside prison. With this in mind, this research has analyzed gynecological health, since it is a peculiarity of women, and has sought to identify whether this element is an example of a gender criterion linked to penal selectivity that can influence the formulation and effectiveness of prison policies. With the support of feminist criminology, it was found that women's experiences are excluded from criminological knowledge as a whole, along with the construction of gender roles that remove them from public spaces and keep them in the custody of the father/husband or the state/man. In the normative field, the few public prison policies are still limited to women who are mothers or pregnant women, and do not sufficiently address the specificities of women prisoners, since the criminal justice system is made up of men and for men, ending up making women and their singularities invisible. In order to overcome this patriarchal and male-normative model, a field study was carried out at the Professor João Pimenta da Veiga Penitentiary, in the city of Uberlândia/MG, where interviews were conducted with women serving sentences under a closed regime. The specific objective was to create partial knowledge based on the experiences of female prisoners and to examine whether public policies aimed at gynecological health are in fact (in)sufficient. As a bibliographic contribution, concepts, legal diplomas, theses and theories on the subject were used, with emphasis on feminist criminology and the construction of discourse, supported, among others, by Soraia da Rosa Mendes and Donna Haraway. At the end of the bibliographical analysis and the data collected, it was concluded that existing public policies are inadequate and unable to meet the demands of female prisoners, not least because many women are not even aware of the violence they are victims of and resign themselves to the invisibility that affects them. In short, this is research carried out by women, with the aim of giving other women a voice.