Sistemas integrados de produção agrícola e sua influência no teor de água do solo

Abstract

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that in 2022, approximately 735 million people suffered from hunger, as highlighted in the World Hunger and Food Security Report. Population growth and growing demand for food lead many farmers to adopt unsustainable agricultural practices. In this sense, it is possible to affirm that integrated systems can be a valuable tool in the face of environmental challenges. The objective of the present study was to differentiate agricultural production systems (Crop, Degraded pasture, Reformed pasture, Crop-livestock, Crop-Livestock-Forest) in relation to the efficiency in retaining soil moisture in depth and also evaluate these systems at the end of the first cycle regarding some productivity parameters. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 3 blocks and treatments: L (crop), P (pasture), F (forest), ILP (crop-livestock), ILPF (crop- livestock-forest) and UP (unmanaged pasture) at depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60 and 60-100 cm. Soil moisture was analyzed in the autumn, winter and spring seasons, with daily measurements, as well as at the end of the first year of implementation of the experiment, analyzes of productivity, plant biomass, dry and fresh mass of corn and Marandu, carrying capacity, silage productivity and average daily gain of animals. The production systems showed distinct moisture retention up to 100 cm for the driest seasons (Autumn and Winter) and only in the more superficial soil layers during the wettest season (Spring). The period of highest moisture retention was during Spring due to the greater water availability. The absence of differences in the other variables evaluated can be explained by this being the first year of implementation of the systems, and it will be necessary to monitor them for a longer period to allow a more accurate assessment of the differences.