Desempenho de genótipos de feijoeiro comum, grupo preto precoce, na safra das águas 2022/2023, em Uberlândia, MG

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes grown in Brazil, playing a crucial role in both food security and the agricultural economy. Black beans, particularly early maturing genotypes, have stood out during the rainy season due to their adaptability to the climatic and soil conditions of the Central-West and Southeast regions of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of early-maturing black bean genotypes during the 2022/2023 rainy season in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, focusing on cultivar adaptation and productivity. The research was conducted at the Água Limpa Experimental Farm, using 10 early maturing black bean genotypes in a randomized block design with three replications. The variables assessed were the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, and productivity. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, with genotype CNFP18535 showing superior results in number of grains per pod, and CNFP18305 excelling in 100-seed weight. Although no significant differences were observed among the genotypes for the number of pods per plant and productivity, some genotypes, such as CNFP18305 and CNFP17959, showed higher productivity than the control variety (BRS Campeiro). These findings suggest that the genetic improvement of early-maturing cultivars can optimize bean production, especially in regions with climatic variations, such as Uberlândia-MG. This study provides data to support the genetic improvement process of early-maturing black beans, identifying genotypes with higher productive potential and better grain quality, essential factors to meet market demands and ensure the sustainability of production during the rainy season.