A Proteção de Civis na República Democrática do Congo: uma análise da efetividade da MONUSCO a partir da Responsabilidade de Proteger (2010-2024)

Abstract

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has faced decades of political instability, armed conflicts, and humanitarian crises, directly impacting the safety of the civilian population. Since the 1990s, the actions of armed groups, the fragility of state institutions, and the recurring human rights violations have worsened the situation, resulting in millions of displaced people and thousands of deaths. The United Nations has established peacekeeping missions in the country, the most recent being the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO), created in 2010. This mission is based on the principles of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Protection of Civilians (PoC), aiming to prevent atrocities and ensure the security of the population. Our objective is to investigate the role played by MONUSCO in the protection of civilians and assess its effectiveness from 2010 to 2024, analyzing its impact on the protection of the Congolese population in order to evaluate the initial hypothesis that, despite the changes implemented in the new mandate, the mission still fails in terms of PoC and R2P. A qualitative approach was adopted, based on document analysis and literature review.