Análise de impactos do processo de produção de hidrogênio com baixa emissão de carbono na qualidade da energia elétrica

Abstract

The energy transition to a predominantly renewable matrix is a reality desired by most countries in the 21st century. In order to achieve this objective, high investments are being made in alternative energy sources that cause little or no impact on the environment, especially green hydrogen (hydrogen gas produced from electrical energy from renewable sources). In this context, Brazil is an important part of this strategy, due to its great potential in generating electrical energy from renewable sources. Therefore, it is expected that, in the coming years, several green hydrogen production plants will be inserted into the Brazilian electricity grid, as a way of contributing to the energy transition and achieving global goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. So, it is necessary to analyse what will be the impacts of inserting this new equipment into the electrical grid, specifically on the quality of electrical energy, as they are non-linear devices and can cause harmonic distortions in the waveforms at the coupling point. Considering this problem, this study will present a computational model developed to simulate a green hydrogen plant, in addition to the simulation results compared with measurements made in a real plant. Thus, it will be possible to evaluate the impacts caused by the insertion of a green hydrogen plant on the quality of electrical energy and validate the computational model developed. In addition to these analyses, a complementary study will also be presented to evaluate the sharing of responsibility for observed harmonic distortions, determining the percentages of responsibility for harmonic distortions on the part of the supply system and the agent connected at the coupling point. The results of this study were satisfactory when compared to the limits established by the standards. However, since it involves a relatively non-robust system, it is important to repeat the analyses for different types of systems to be implemented. For future studies, it is suggested to represent the control circuit with a higher level of detail in the computational model in order to obtain results closer to the measured parameters.