Decorrência do processo de privatizações no brasil nos anos 1995-2005: analisando o setor de energia elétrica

Abstract

This study analyzes the positive and negative impacts of the privatization of the electric energy sector in Brazil between 1995 and 2005, investigating the structural changes in companies within the sector, the entry of foreign capital, and the consequences for the national energy market. The research examines the political and economic context that led to privatization, exploring the role of neoliberalism and the National Privatization Program (PND) in the sector’s restructuring. The analysis highlights that privatization brought modernization and operational efficiency but also resulted in economic challenges, such as rising tariffs and the 2001 energy crisis. The blackout revealed flaws in the sector’s planning and regulation, emphasizing the vulnerability of the electrical system due to its heavy reliance on hydroelectric plants and the lack of investment in alternative energy sources. In response, regulatory changes were implemented, culminating in the New Electricity Sector Model in 2004, which aimed to balance state intervention with private sector participation. The study concludes that, despite improvements in infrastructure and sector competitiveness, privatization was not sufficient to ensure stability and affordable prices for the population. The need for efficient regulation, strategic planning, and diversification of the energy matrix remains essential challenges for the Brazilian electricity sector.