Análise da eficiência do tratamento de água em poços artesianos para o abastecimento público e consumo humano em escolas rurais do município de Uberlândia

Abstract

Introduction: Water is a primary component of all living beings and a fundamental element for the survival of species. Considering these factors, strict standards regarding water quality are established by Brazilian legislation and the World Health Organization, defining criteria for classification based on its physical and chemical characteristics. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of water treatment from artesian wells in rural schools in the municipality of Uberlândia, focusing on potability for human consumption and sustainability to ensure the environmental preservation of the underground water source. Methodology: Periodic collections were conducted at four municipal schools located in the rural area of Uberlândia. The following parameters were analyzed: apparent color, residual chlorine, fluoride, pH, turbidity, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, temperature, and parasitological analysis. Additionally, a questionnaire was applied to characterize the sampling sites. Results and Discussion: Overall, the physicochemical and microbiological analyses met the standards established by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating the effectiveness of water treatment from the artesian wells supplying the rural schools. However, the parasite Endolimax nana was detected in certain samples, revealing deficiencies and contamination risks, particularly in internal structures such as pipelines, drinking fountains, reservoirs, and water tanks. The presence of E. nana can be an important marker of exposure to fecal contaminants and may indicate the presence of other pathogenic organisms. Conclusion: Despite compliance with water quality standards, the presence of parasites highlights the need for this type of monitoring in rural schools. The proximity of pigsties, cattle, and other potential contamination sources in these areas fosters the proliferation of such parasites. Keywords: Water quality, Parasitology, School institution, Endolimax nana.