O Surrealismo em Murilo Mendes e Pablo Neruda: as configurações da noite, o ciclo do tempo e a força imagética que emana dos versos.

Abstract

This thesis presents the results of a doctoral research under title of “The Surrealism in the Murilo Mendes’ and Pablo Neruda’s Poetic Expression”. Its intent was to analyze the marks of surrealism in the poetry of Latin American writers, especially in Poesia Liberdade by Murilo Mendes - published in 1947 – and Residencia en la Tierra by Pablo Neruda – wrote between 1925 and 1947. The research problem was formed from the following statement: whenever we think about the manifestation of surrealism in the poetics of Latin American writers, Murilo Mendes and Pablo Neruda always come to surface. However, what are, in fact, the characteristics of surrealism in the poetic text? To answer it, we made a critical-biographical study grounded in the hypothetical-deductive method from reading and analysis of literary and critical texts about lives and works of those poets. Thus, we resorted the contributions of Frias (2012), Araújo (2011), Cravançola (2010), Alonso (1968), Bahk (2005), Gonzaga (2009), Predmore (2004), and others. Besides it was essential to use texts that offered basis for understanding of Surrealism as an artistic movement due to our need for comprehending political, economic and social layout that gave rise to this and other avant-garde movements in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. Among the main theorists who have studied Surrealism, we highlight: Teles (2022), Paes (2019), Ginzburg e Leirner (2008), Benjamin (1996), Bachelard (1988), and others. The analysis of the poems made it possible to understand that the cycle of time and the figurations of the night - which are so dear features to surrealist precepts – appear with great strength in poetics of both from an oniric, imagery appearance and also filled with a feeling that goes against an artistic, historical and social commitment. In addition to the time and the night, we addressed other historically constructed images that were common to both poets: the biblical apocalypse, images of shadow and war. The themes addressed in this research allows us to assert, based on writing of their works, those poets became spokespeople for surrealist aesthetics albeit using a different guise from what was proclaimed by André Breton.