Efeito do uso do Diamino Fluoreto de Prata sobre o tecido dental humano: um estudo in vitro

Abstract

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a compound that has been studied for preventing the future development of carious lesions and may represent an effective and minimally invasive alternative. However, there is still a lack of studies evaluating these materials and their behavior in intact dental tissues after application. The aim of this study was to measure the pH of different SDF concentrations and analyze the chemical composition, surface characterization, and hardness of intact human dentin after the application of different concentrations of SDF-based materials. This is a controlled in vitro laboratory study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro Universitário do Triângulo. Intact molars were used, donated after extraction with clinical and radiographic indications. Sample size calculation was performed using GPower 3.1 software. Dental discs were produced for the analyses and received applications of the materials according to the experimental groups: SDF 12%, SDF 30%, SDF 38% Bottle, SDF 38% Aqua, 37% Phosphoric Acid, and Distilled Water. After the application protocol, the samples underwent Knoop microhardness tests (n=10), surface characterization of the tissues by Scanning Electron Microscopy (n=3), surface chemical composition analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (n=3), and pH analysis (n=6). The data were tabulated, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Excel software. Subsequently, the data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests and one-way ANOVA supplemented with Tukey's 5% significance test. Qualitative findings were described based on the images produced. The 37% phosphoric acid exhibited the lowest pH values (3.27±0.10), followed by the SDF 38% Aqua group (5.34±0.33). The EDS analysis indicated that after application of SDF-based materials, there was a difference in Ca and P concentrations compared to the phosphoric acid and distilled water groups (p<0.001). Among the SDFs, SDF 30% differed from SDF 38% Bottle (p<0.02). In the hardness test, SDF 12% and 30% did not differ from the non-applied group (p<0.04), while the SDF 38% groups were different from the others (p>0.66). Therefore, SDF 38% Aqua showed acidity, mineral composition may vary according to the SDF concentration, and lower concentrations do not alter the hardness of intact dentin.