Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/43111
ORCID:  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-3170
Document type: Tese
Access type: Acesso Aberto
Title: O funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção: a voz de famílias e de profissionais da rede de apoio e de proteção
Alternate title (s): O funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção: a voz de famílias e de profissionais da rede de apoio e de proteção
Author: Soares, Layane Campos
First Advisor: Ottoni, Maria Aparecida Resende
First member of the Committee: Brito, Cristiane Carvalho de Paula
Second member of the Committee: Cabral, Sara Regina Scotta
Third member of the Committee: Cirne, Alexcina Oliveira
Fourth member of the Committee: Gomes, Maria Carmen Aires
Summary: A adoção pode ser caracterizada como um mecanismo legal que possibilita às crianças e aos adolescentes, que foram destituídos de suas famílias de origem, serem incluídos em um novo lar. Isso nos permite compreendê-la como uma prática que desempenha uma função social de grande relevância – a garantia do direito fundamental à convivência familiar e comunitária para as crianças e os adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Infelizmente, no Brasil, nem todas as crianças e os adolescente têm esse direito garantido, visto que 2.991 jovens, que estavam em situação de acolhimento institucional, atingiram a maioridade entre outubro de 2019 e maio de 2020, segundo os dados do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (Brasil, 2020). Esse fato nos possibilita afirmar que estamos diante de um problema social, o qual é constituído de uma faceta discursiva/semiótica (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). Tendo em vista essa compreensão de que esse problema social é construído na e pela linguagem e de que esta é uma parte irredutível da vida social, que mantém uma relação dialética e interna com a sociedade, entendemos que questões sociais são, em parte, questões de discurso e vice-versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). Desse modo, realizamos uma pesquisa discursivo-etnográfica (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017), com o intuito principal de investigar o funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção e o modo como ela é representada por diferentes atores sociais. Esta pesquisa é desenvolvida em um ambiente virtual, no contexto de duas Organizações Filantrópicas, localizadas nas cidades de Uberlândia-MG e de Fortaleza-CE, que oferecem suporte na área da adoção para os pretendentes e as famílias por adoção. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos em aportes teórico-metodológicos da abordagem dialético-relacional da Análise de Discurso Crítica (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), em estudos sobre o Sistema de Avaliatividade (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) e sobre a adoção (Marmitt,1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). Assim, o corpus é constituído por: i) entrevistas narrativas, realizadas com famílias por adoção; ii) entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com profissionais que atuam na rede de apoio e de proteção; iii) dados gerados por meio da transcrição de reuniões dos grupos de apoio, realizadas pelas instituições coparticipantes deste estudo de forma remota, no formato live, devido ao contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Adotamos, enquanto categoria de análise, a interdiscursividade e a avaliação. Os resultados revelam que, do modo como a prática social de adoção tem funcionado, a convivência familiar não está sendo garantida às crianças e aos adolescentes destituídos de suas famílias biológicas. As avaliações dessa prática são realizadas, predominantemente, por apreciações de composição de proporção negativa e essas apreciações evidenciam que há irregularidades e falhas na condução de alguns processos, devido ao descumprimento dos prazos legais, desrespeito às normais legais para homologação de processo de adoção, visão biológica de maternidade/paternidade, não entendimento da criança como prioridade absoluta do processo, dentre outros. Assim, essa prática é representada em vários momentos como: ilegal, falha, absurda e morosa. Nessas avaliações, os atores sociais articularam, sobretudo, o discurso do direito, da violação de direitos e da ilegalidade ao se posicionarem frente às diferentes questões que permeiam a prática investigada. Tudo isso constitui obstáculos para o funcionamento efetivo e adequado dessa prática e faz com que muitas crianças e adolescentes envelheçam em instituições de acolhimento sem conseguirem recolocação em família substituta.
A adoção pode ser caracterizada como um mecanismo legal que possibilita às crianças e aos adolescentes, que foram destituídos de suas famílias de origem, serem incluídos em um novo lar. Isso nos permite compreendê-la como uma prática que desempenha uma função social de grande relevância – a garantia do direito fundamental à convivência familiar e comunitária para as crianças e os adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Infelizmente, no Brasil, nem todas as crianças e os adolescente têm esse direito garantido, visto que 2.991 jovens, que estavam em situação de acolhimento institucional, atingiram a maioridade entre outubro de 2019 e maio de 2020, segundo os dados do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (Brasil, 2020). Esse fato nos possibilita afirmar que estamos diante de um problema social, o qual é constituído de uma faceta discursiva/semiótica (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). Tendo em vista essa compreensão de que esse problema social é construído na e pela linguagem e de que esta é uma parte irredutível da vida social, que mantém uma relação dialética e interna com a sociedade, entendemos que questões sociais são, em parte, questões de discurso e vice-versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). Desse modo, realizamos uma pesquisa discursivo-etnográfica (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017), com o intuito principal de investigar o funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção e o modo como ela é representada por diferentes atores sociais. Esta pesquisa é desenvolvida em um ambiente virtual, no contexto de duas Organizações Filantrópicas, localizadas nas cidades de Uberlândia-MG e de Fortaleza-CE, que oferecem suporte na área da adoção para os pretendentes e as famílias por adoção. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos em aportes teórico-metodológicos da abordagem dialético-relacional da Análise de Discurso Crítica (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), em estudos sobre o Sistema de Avaliatividade (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) e sobre a adoção (Marmitt,1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). Assim, o corpus é constituído por: i) entrevistas narrativas, realizadas com famílias por adoção; ii) entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com profissionais que atuam na rede de apoio e de proteção; iii) dados gerados por meio da transcrição de reuniões dos grupos de apoio, realizadas pelas instituições coparticipantes deste estudo de forma remota, no formato live, devido ao contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Adotamos, enquanto categoria de análise, a interdiscursividade e a avaliação. Os resultados revelam que, do modo como a prática social de adoção tem funcionado, a convivência familiar não está sendo garantida às crianças e aos adolescentes destituídos de suas famílias biológicas. As avaliações dessa prática são realizadas, predominantemente, por apreciações de composição de proporção negativa e essas apreciações evidenciam que há irregularidades e falhas na condução de alguns processos, devido ao descumprimento dos prazos legais, desrespeito às normais legais para homologação de processo de adoção, visão biológica de maternidade/paternidade, não entendimento da criança como prioridade absoluta do processo, dentre outros. Assim, essa prática é representada em vários momentos como: ilegal, falha, absurda e morosa. Nessas avaliações, os atores sociais articularam, sobretudo, o discurso do direito, da violação de direitos e da ilegalidade ao se posicionarem frente às diferentes questões que permeiam a prática investigada. Tudo isso constitui obstáculos para o funcionamento efetivo e adequado dessa prática e faz com que muitas crianças e adolescentes envelheçam em instituições de acolhimento sem conseguirem recolocação em família substituta.
Abstract: Adoption can be characterized as a legal mechanism that allows children and adolescents who have been deprived of their families of origin to be included in a new home. This allows us to understand it as a practice that performs a very important social function - guaranteeing the fundamental right to family and community life for children and teenagers in situations of social vulnerability. Unfortunately, in Brazil, it is evident that not all children and adolescents have their rights guaranteed. The National Council of Justice (Brazil, 2020) reported that 2,991 young people who were in institutional care reached the age of majority between October 2019 and May 2020. This fact allows us to state that we are facing a social problem, which is made up of a discursive/semiotic facet (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). In view of this understanding that this social problem is constructed in and by language and that language is an irreducible part of social life, one that maintains a dialectical and internal relationship with society, we understand that social issues are, in part, discourse issues and vice versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). We therefore conducted a discursive-ethnographic study (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017) to investigate the discursive functioning of the social practice of adoption and its representation by various social actors. The study was conducted in a virtual environment within two philanthropic organizations located in Uberlândia-MG and Fortaleza-CE, which offer support for adoption applicants and adoptive families. To accomplish this, we utilized the theoretical-methodological contributions of the dialectical-relational approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), as well as well-supported studies on Appraisal Theory (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) and adoption (Marmitt, 1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). The corpus comprises: i) narrative interviews with adoptive families; ii) semi-structured interviews with professionals in the support and protection network; iii) data generated through the transcription of support group meetings, held by the institutions co-participating in this study remotely, in live format, due to the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted using interdiscursivity and appraisal as categories. The results clearly indicate that currently the social practice of adoption does not guarantee family life to children and adolescents who have been deprived of their biological families. The evaluation of this practice predominantly consists of negative appreciation of composition and these evaluations show several irregularities and flaws in some adoption process, including non-compliance with legal deadlines, disregard for legal norms, a biological perspective on parenthood, and a lack of prioritization of the child's needs. Social actors confidently evaluate this practice as illegal, flawed, absurd, and time-consuming. In these evaluations, their discourse focuses on the clear violation of rights and illegality, law discourse, when positioning themselves in relation to the different issues that permeate the practice under investigation. All of this constitutes obstacles to the effective and proper functioning of this practice and means that many children and adolescents grow old in foster care institutions without being able to be placed with a substitute family.
Adoption can be characterized as a legal mechanism that allows children and adolescents who have been deprived of their families of origin to be included in a new home. This allows us to understand it as a practice that performs a very important social function - guaranteeing the fundamental right to family and community life for children and teenagers in situations of social vulnerability. Unfortunately, in Brazil, it is evident that not all children and adolescents have their rights guaranteed. The National Council of Justice (Brazil, 2020) reported that 2,991 young people who were in institutional care reached the age of majority between October 2019 and May 2020. This fact allows us to state that we are facing a social problem, which is made up of a discursive/semiotic facet (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). In view of this understanding that this social problem is constructed in and by language and that language is an irreducible part of social life, one that maintains a dialectical and internal relationship with society, we understand that social issues are, in part, discourse issues and vice versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). We therefore conducted a discursive-ethnographic study (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017) to investigate the discursive functioning of the social practice of adoption and its representation by various social actors. The study was conducted in a virtual environment within two philanthropic organizations located in Uberlândia-MG and Fortaleza-CE, which offer support for adoption applicants and adoptive families. To accomplish this, we utilized the theoretical-methodological contributions of the dialectical-relational approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), as well as well-supported studies on Appraisal Theory (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) and adoption (Marmitt, 1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). The corpus comprises: i) narrative interviews with adoptive families; ii) semi-structured interviews with professionals in the support and protection network; iii) data generated through the transcription of support group meetings, held by the institutions co-participating in this study remotely, in live format, due to the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted using interdiscursivity and appraisal as categories. The results clearly indicate that currently the social practice of adoption does not guarantee family life to children and adolescents who have been deprived of their biological families. The evaluation of this practice predominantly consists of negative appreciation of composition and these evaluations show several irregularities and flaws in some adoption process, including non-compliance with legal deadlines, disregard for legal norms, a biological perspective on parenthood, and a lack of prioritization of the child's needs. Social actors confidently evaluate this practice as illegal, flawed, absurd, and time-consuming. In these evaluations, their discourse focuses on the clear violation of rights and illegality, law discourse, when positioning themselves in relation to the different issues that permeate the practice under investigation. All of this constitutes obstacles to the effective and proper functioning of this practice and means that many children and adolescents grow old in foster care institutions without being able to be placed with a substitute family.
Adoption can be characterized as a legal mechanism that allows children and adolescents who have been deprived of their families of origin to be included in a new home. This allows us to understand it as a practice that performs a very important social function - guaranteeing the fundamental right to family and community life for children and teenagers in situations of social vulnerability. Unfortunately, in Brazil, it is evident that not all children and adolescents have their rights guaranteed. The National Council of Justice (Brazil, 2020) reported that 2,991 young people who were in institutional care reached the age of majority between October 2019 and May 2020. This fact allows us to state that we are facing a social problem, which is made up of a discursive/semiotic facet (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). In view of this understanding that this social problem is constructed in and by language and that language is an irreducible part of social life, one that maintains a dialectical and internal relationship with society, we understand that social issues are, in part, discourse issues and vice versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). We therefore conducted a discursive-ethnographic study (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017) to investigate the discursive functioning of the social practice of adoption and its representation by various social actors. The study was conducted in a virtual environment within two philanthropic organizations located in Uberlândia-MG and Fortaleza-CE, which offer support for adoption applicants and adoptive families. To accomplish this, we utilized the theoretical-methodological contributions of the dialectical-relational approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), as well as well-supported studies on Appraisal Theory (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) and adoption (Marmitt, 1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). The corpus comprises: i) narrative interviews with adoptive families; ii) semi-structured interviews with professionals in the support and protection network; iii) data generated through the transcription of support group meetings, held by the institutions co-participating in this study remotely, in live format, due to the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted using interdiscursivity and appraisal as categories. The results clearly indicate that currently the social practice of adoption does not guarantee family life to children and adolescents who have been deprived of their biological families. The evaluation of this practice predominantly consists of negative appreciation of composition and these evaluations show several irregularities and flaws in some adoption process, including non-compliance with legal deadlines, disregard for legal norms, a biological perspective on parenthood, and a lack of prioritization of the child's needs. Social actors confidently evaluate this practice as illegal, flawed, absurd, and time-consuming. In these evaluations, their discourse focuses on the clear violation of rights and illegality, law discourse, when positioning themselves in relation to the different issues that permeate the practice under investigation. All of this constitutes obstacles to the effective and proper functioning of this practice and means that many children and adolescents grow old in foster care institutions without being able to be placed with a substitute family.
Adoption can be characterized as a legal mechanism that allows children and adolescents who have been deprived of their families of origin to be included in a new home. This allows us to understand it as a practice that performs a very important social function - guaranteeing the fundamental right to family and community life for children and teenagers in situations of social vulnerability. Unfortunately, in Brazil, it is evident that not all children and adolescents have their rights guaranteed. The National Council of Justice (Brazil, 2020) reported that 2,991 young people who were in institutional care reached the age of majority between October 2019 and May 2020. This fact allows us to state that we are facing a social problem, which is made up of a discursive/semiotic facet (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003, 2012). In view of this understanding that this social problem is constructed in and by language and that language is an irreducible part of social life, one that maintains a dialectical and internal relationship with society, we understand that social issues are, in part, discourse issues and vice versa (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003). We therefore conducted a discursive-ethnographic study (Magalhães; Martins; Resende, 2017) to investigate the discursive functioning of the social practice of adoption and its representation by various social actors. The study was conducted in a virtual environment within two philanthropic organizations located in Uberlândia-MG and Fortaleza-CE, which offer support for adoption applicants and adoptive families. To accomplish this, we utilized the theoretical-methodological contributions of the dialectical-relational approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999; Fairclough, 2003), as well as well-supported studies on Appraisal Theory (White, 2004; Martin; White, 2005) and adoption (Marmitt, 1993; Weber, 2003; Paiva, 2004; Carvalho, 2012; Bittencourt, 2013; Barros, 2014; Sena, 2018). The corpus comprises: i) narrative interviews with adoptive families; ii) semi-structured interviews with professionals in the support and protection network; iii) data generated through the transcription of support group meetings, held by the institutions co-participating in this study remotely, in live format, due to the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis was conducted using interdiscursivity and appraisal as categories. The results clearly indicate that currently the social practice of adoption does not guarantee family life to children and adolescents who have been deprived of their biological families. The evaluation of this practice predominantly consists of negative appreciation of composition and these evaluations show several irregularities and flaws in some adoption process, including non-compliance with legal deadlines, disregard for legal norms, a biological perspective on parenthood, and a lack of prioritization of the child's needs. Social actors confidently evaluate this practice as illegal, flawed, absurd, and time-consuming. In these evaluations, their discourse focuses on the clear violation of rights and illegality, law discourse, when positioning themselves in relation to the different issues that permeate the practice under investigation. All of this constitutes obstacles to the effective and proper functioning of this practice and means that many children and adolescents grow old in foster care institutions without being able to be placed with a substitute family.
Keywords: Prática social de adoção
Prática social de adoção
Social practice of adoption
Social practice of adoption
Social practice of adoption
Social practice of adoption
Representações discursivas
Representações discursivas
Discursive representations
Discursive representations
Análise de discurso crítica
Análise de discurso crítica
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis
Critical discourse analysis
Area (s) of CNPq: CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LINGUISTICA
CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LINGUISTICA
Subject: Linguística
Adoção
Adoção tardia
Language: por
Country: Brasil
Publisher: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Program: Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos
Quote: SOARES, Layane Campos. O funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção: a voz de famílias e de profissionais da rede de apoio e de proteção. 2024. 325 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2024. DOI http://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.te.2024.55.
SOARES, Layane Campos. O funcionamento discursivo da prática social de adoção: a voz de famílias e de profissionais da rede de apoio e de proteção. 2024. 325 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, 2024. DOI http://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.te.2024.55.
Document identifier: http://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.te.2024.55
URI: https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/43111
Date of defense: 30-Jan-2024
Sustainable Development Goals SDGs: ODS::ODS 16. Paz, justiça e instituições eficazes - Promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas par ao desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionar o acesso à justiça para todos e construir instituições eficazes, responsáveis e inclusivas em todos os níveis.
ODS::ODS 16. Paz, justiça e instituições eficazes - Promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas par ao desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionar o acesso à justiça para todos e construir instituições eficazes, responsáveis e inclusivas em todos os níveis.
ODS::ODS 16. Paz, justiça e instituições eficazes - Promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas par ao desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionar o acesso à justiça para todos e construir instituições eficazes, responsáveis e inclusivas em todos os níveis.
ODS::ODS 16. Paz, justiça e instituições eficazes - Promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas par ao desenvolvimento sustentável, proporcionar o acesso à justiça para todos e construir instituições eficazes, responsáveis e inclusivas em todos os níveis.
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