Revisão: Probióticos na Saúde Intestinal de Monogástricos

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health problem, especially in the context of animal production, where the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can promote the selection of resistant bacterial strains. In this scenario, probiotics have emerged as a promising alternative to antibiotics, providing beneficial results in promoting animal health, productivity and welfare and, consequently, in the economic return on livestock production. This literature review aimed to compile studies published between 2018 and 2023, focusing on the role of probiotics in animal health, with an emphasis on monogastrics. The results of this research indicated that probiotics play a fundamental role in modulating the intestinal microbiota, promoting the development of beneficial microorganisms and mitigating the damage promoted by possibly pathogenic organisms, contributing to better absorption of nutrients and strengthening the immune barrier against infections. In addition, probiotics have been shown to help control bacterial infections through competitive exclusion and other antimicrobial strategies, reducing the need for conventional antibiotics. This study also highlighted antiviral, antitoxic and antiparasitic activities, although on a smaller scale compared to antibacterial action. Among the probiotics discussed were the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus and Enterococcus. Recurring microorganisms and different ways of using them, such as conjugations with other substances and encapsulation processes, were discussed. In summary, probiotics represent a relevant tool for promoting intestinal health, mitigating infections and improving production performance in monogastric animals. Their effective use can contribute significantly to reducing the demand for antibiotics in animal production, as well as reducing the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance to animal and human health.