Processo de produção de celulose: uma revisão

Abstract

This study proposes a literature review on the cellulose production process, highlighting its importance in the manufacturing of a variety of products ranging from paper to chemical and textile items. Brazil stands out as the leading global producer of short-fiber cellulose, capitalizing on its favorable climate for large-scale cultivation of eucalyptus, resulting in minimal costs and the presence of major industries. This research analyzed the techniques utilized in Brazilian factories, predominantly following the Kraft process, involving stages such as debarking, chipping, cooking, pulping, bleaching, and black liquor recovery. It was identified the importance of maintaining strict control over parameters such as pH, wood quality, temperature, and chemical concentration to ensure process efficacy and quality. Additionally, cellulose industries face challenges related to atmospheric emissions, solid waste, and liquid pollutants, demanding proper treatment to minimize environmental impacts. The adoption of advanced technologies and sustainable practices is crucial to mitigate these challenges and promote responsible use of natural resources. It is concluded that the pursuit of more efficient processes, reducing water and energy consumption, as well as minimizing waste and pollutant generation, is essential for the sustainable development of the cellulose industry. Therefore, the continuous need for research and innovation in this field is emphasized, aiming to enhance existing techniques and develop innovative solutions, ensuring the economic and ecological viability of the cellulose production process in the future.