Avaliação da resposta imune em indivíduos ativos e sedentários vacinados contra COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spurred an urgency in seeking effective strategies to control the disease's spread. In this context, the implementation of safe and effective vaccines has emerged as the primary measure to mitigate the virus's propagation and reduce the impacts on public health, including the effects of social isolation. Concurrently, the growing prevalence of sedentary behavior has raised questions about the role of physical fitness in the immune response induced by vaccination. Objective: To evaluate the humoral immune response in active and sedentary individuals vaccinated against COVID-19. Methodology: Blood samples from 135 individuals with at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed using strength tests (Hand grip) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined. Results: Low levels of leptin were found among physically active individuals compared to sedentary ones. Additionally, a higher IgG production was observed in women compared to males, indicating potential sex-related immune response differences. No significant differences were found in the other evaluated parameters. Conclusion: These findings highlight the significant influence of physical activity and sex-related response on COVID-19 vaccine immunity, underscoring their importance as adjuncts in vaccine efficacy. Understanding these mechanisms may be crucial for developing personalized vaccination strategies and targeted public health interventions for different population groups.