A política migratória dos Estados Unidos da América sob a administração Biden: crises e disputas com o estado do Texas

Abstract

Since the formation of the United States, the presence of immigrants has been a constant reality, being a central theme in the debate of public policies. The institutional view regarding this population proves to be very volatile, especially due to the unique characteristics of the country's organizational structure stemming from federalism, which results in a model of relations that are sometimes cooperative, sometimes conflictual. Given this context, the aim of this work is to present a discussion about the particularities of the federalist model and, based on a descriptive case study, analyze the application of immigration policy during the presidency of Joe Biden (2021-present), in order to illustrate the inherently conflictual nature of the United States' federalism. To do this, the relationship between the federal government and sanctuary states and restrictive states will be examined, especially considering regions such as Florida and Texas, the latter being the epicenter of major conflicts involving the federal government and subnational actors. Furthermore, the final part of the article focuses on an analysis of the current relationship between the Biden administration and the state of Texas, as this dynamic represents the primary point of rupture in the conduct of immigration policies in the country. It is concluded, therefore, that the tensions established by the different views in these governmental spheres reinforce the logic advocated by the theory of dual federalism and represent a growing fragmentation in the country's federal pact.