Impacto dos exercícios físicos e suplementação de suco de beterraba e de isoflavonas no estado redox de mulheres após a menopausa

Abstract

Introduction: Postmenopausal women are considered a high-risk group for the development of cardiovascular diseases, often accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Strategies such as physical exercise and a healthy diet have been proposed to prevent and treat these conditions. However, the specific effects of different exercise modalities and antioxidant supplements on the redox status of postmenopausal women remain unclear. Objective: To investigate the impact of physical exercise and beetroot juice and isoflavone supplementation on the redox state of postmenopausal women. Methods: Chapter 1) theoretical framework - this chapter provides the theoretical foundation for the articles presented in subsequent chapters; Chapter 2) effects of antioxidant intake on the redox system in postmenopausal women - this chapter explores the effects of antioxidant supplementation on the redox system in postmenopausal women.; and Chapter 3) effects of physical exercise on the redox system in postmenopausal women - this chapter discusses the effects of different types of physical exercise on the redox system in postmenopausal women, considering factors such as cardiometabolic diseases. Results: Key findings from the study include: 1) beetroot juice consumption combined with acute aerobic exercise has positive effects on antioxidant markers (catalase, p<0.001; and GSH, p<0.001), regardless of the nitrate concentration in the juice; 2) a combination of isoflavone supplementation and physical training demonstrated potential antioxidant effects, specially evaluating by TBARS (p=0.037); 3) no significant changes in the redox state of postmenopausal women following Mat Pilates training, with or without associated cardiometabolic diseases, except for greater reductions of FRAP in the group without multimorbidity (p=0.014); and 4) combined physical training did not alter salivary oxidative stress markers in normotensive or hypertensive postmenopausal women, but an increase in nitrite levels was observed in both groups after physical training (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Physical exercise, as well as supplementation with isoflavones and beetroot juice, can improve the redox state of postmenopausal women, regardless of the presence of cardiometabolic diseases. These findings suggest the potential benefits of these interventions in managing oxidative stress in this population.