Processos físico-químicos sustentáveis para o tratamento de efluentes da indústria têxtil: uma análise bibliográfica

Abstract

The textile industry holds global significance in meeting basic clothing needs. However, this sector uses a wide range of chemical products and, therefore, generates a large amount of textile effluents, which can contaminate water resources. Brazil stands out as a key hub for the textile industry in the Western world, contributing significantly to this emission of pollutants. In order to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by this scenario, studies focused on the removal of these pollutants have been conducted. The application of physical-chemical processes such as adsorption and coagulation/flocculation, using sustainable adsorbents or coagulants/flocculants of natural origin, has emerged as a promising alternative for treating textile industry effluents. In this context, a technical-scientific survey and integrative literature review were conducted with the aim of presenting and evaluating journal articles published between 2017 and 2023 that address the use of sustainable adsorbents and coagulants/flocculants in the treatment of textile effluents, as well as their efficacy in pollutant removal. Through this analysis, it was found that natural-origin adsorbents and coagulants/flocculants represent a sustainable and efficient alternative for treating textile effluents. The literature lacks studies focused on the treatment of real textile effluents, as most research is conducted on synthetic effluents. While the latter provide more precise control of experimental conditions, real effluents offer more representative results. Most investigations have focused on bench-scale experiments, with limited pilot-scale and full-scale studies. Therefore, it is essential to conduct more comprehensive studies to evaluate the effectiveness of adsorbents and coagulants/flocculants on a full scale to draw more consistent and accurate conclusions regarding the practical applicability of the results.