Uso de probióticos no tratamento para crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota plays a valuable role as it participates in numerous metabolic and immunological processes important for the body's homeostasis. The development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, a disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, may be related to an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota. Probiotics have gained importance as they can assist in the clinical management of patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The importance of this study lies in the need to understand the main pathways of interaction between probiotics and the immunological repercussions that their use can provide. Methodology: The methodology used corresponds to a narrative literature review conducted through searches in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The MESH terms "gut microbiota," "probiotic," "diabetes mellitus type 1," and "child" There were no restrictions applied regarding the publication year and study type. Results and Discussion: The gut microbiota participates in various immune processes and plays a fundamental role in regulating metabolism and maintaining organismal homeostasis. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with increased intestinal permeability, which can lead to the translocation of pathogenic toxins into the bloodstream. This process triggers a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this regard, the use of probiotics has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric patients. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the administration of probiotics can balance the gut microbiota and reduce intestinal permeability, preventing the translocation of bacterial endotoxins and consequently minimizing the inflammatory response. However, further research is needed to identify the appropriate probiotic strains, optimal dosage, and treatment duration.