Impactos biopsicossociais e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal associados à cárie dentária em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Dental caries is a chronic disease, one of the most prevalent, and it has a significant global impact on the health of children and adolescents. Dental caries is not only a clinical issue, but also a biopsychosocial concern, since its effects go beyond the oral cavity, extending to the general well-being of individuals. Objective: To systematically analyze the literature on biopsychosocial and oral health-related quality of life impacts associated with dental caries in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42023453936). An electronic search was carried out in seven main databases (Embase, LILACS, BBO, MedLine via PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science) and two additional databases (BDTD and OATD) to capture the “gray literature”. The PECO strategy was used to identify observational studies that evaluated the impacts associated with dental caries in children and adolescents, without restrictions on language and year of publication. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the individual risk of bias of eligible studies using the “JBI Critical Appraisal Tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews - Checklist for Cohort Studies / Analytical Cross-sectional Studies”. Results: The electronic search found 10.295 records, of which 36 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were published from 2004 to 2022. The groups that used the DMFT index to evaluate dental caries in adolescents presented values that were very similar compared to the control groups in twelve studies. According to the response to quality of life questionnaires, symptoms, functional limitations and parental distress increase with age. Among these groups, 3 report that there is no correlation between parental education and the impacts caused by caries on quality of life. Groups with low socioeconomic indexes had the worst health indicators, compared to groups with high socioeconomic indexes in 25 studies. Six groups considered using more than one health indicator for a better assessment. Conclusion: Based on the evidence found, the impacts of the The impacts caused by tooth decay on the quality of life of young people are negative and varied. It presents itself in the form of bullying, low academic performance, low self-esteem and bad relationships with friends and family.