Projeto mecânico de minimáquina-ferramenta multifuncional de precisão de granito sintético.

Abstract

The design of a precision multifunctional CNC mini-machine tool made of synthetic granite has emerged to address the demand for hybrid manufacturing systems, integrating subtractive and additive processes within a single-machine tool to meet advanced manufacturing requirements in Industry 4.0. This study aimed to develop an evolutive structural design approach for a synthetic granite mini-machine tool, building upon the research of Rodrigues (2022). Design Methodology was applied in the structural mechanic design. Fusion 360® CAD-CAE software was used for modeling and Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) of the synthetic granite structure and the major mechanical linear systems. The design requirements were: symmetric portal structure made of synthetic granite; axes ranges of 400 mm x 400 mm x 400 mm; 100 N/µm static stiffness; three orthogonal linear axes with precision guideways and ballscrews of recirculating elements; a vertical spindle; prediction of functional surfaces for future updates with the addition of fourth and fifth axes, electromagnetic linear motors, aerostatic guideways, and additional spindles; geometric optimization for minimizing material costs, mold design, metallic inserts, mold construction, casting of the synthetic granite structures, demolding, post-processing, and assembly and alignment of the functional surfaces. The results include ten evolutive prototypes, being the last one structurally detailed and analyzed, showing that it was possible to achieve a multifunctional structure of synthetic granite with lower fabrication, assembly, and maintenance costs. The design will require stiffness and mass reduction optimizations that will be carried out in future works, continuing the FAPEMIG APQ-01759-17 Research Project.