Violências sutis no ambiente de trabalho: Microagressões de gênero e seus impactos na autoeficácia e autoestima das mulheres

Abstract

Gender microaggressions are everyday indignities and insults directed at women, intentionally or unintentionally, that end up excluding, oppressing, and showing contempt and hostility, which can negatively affect victims. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive role of gender microaggressions on women's self-efficacy and self-esteem in organizations. Participants were 252 women, aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 30.21; SD = 8.77), and between 3 months and 40 years of working time in the same organization (M = 2.82; SD = 5.14). The instruments used were the Gender Microaggression Scale at Work (EMAGT), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (EAR), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the JASP 0.17.1 software, with descriptive and inferential analysis of correlation and linear regression. The results showed a low, negative, and significant correlation between gender microaggressions and self-esteem (r = -0.126; p < .05), and a non-significant correlation between gender microaggressions at work and self-efficacy (r = -0.019; p > .05). The regression results indicated that gender microaggressions at work significantly influenced only self-esteem (F (1, 250) = 4.015, p < .05), explaining 1.2% of the variance. This study provided empirical evidence of the negative effects of gender microaggressions at work on self-esteem in the Brazilian context, being the first national study to investigate the relationship between gender microaggressions at work and components of the self.